The Greatest Military Leader Of All Time - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 895 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander The Great Essay Did you like this example? Alexander the Great is known as one of the greatest military leaders of all time. He conquered numerous territories some of which were the neighboring states of Greece, the Persian empire, and the Egyptians. He was an enthusiast of Homeric models and in several ways developed his style of kingship by looking to those models. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Greatest Military Leader Of All Time" essay for you Create order Many people who also admired Homers poetry did not like Alexander as they believed he misunderstood Homer and the idea of Homeric kingship. Nevertheless, Alexander conveyed that he understood the lessons in Homers poems well through his unwavering decisions and sensible actions during his reign. An important lesson taught by The Odyssey was that evil-doers will inevitably face the consequences for their choices. For example, the Cyclops Polyphemus devoured two of Odysseus men and trapped the others in his cave. Odysseus hatched a brilliant plan to intoxicate the cyclops with wine, then stab its eye using a sharpened olive tree while it was passed out. His plan succeeded; the blind Cyclops removed the boulder blocking the exit of the cave to call for help which allowed Odysseus and his men to escape. The Cyclops faced the repercussions for not respecting the ancient Greek tradition of providing hospitality to guests who were far from home. Alexander did some gruesome things during his reign. However, he seldom inflicted damage upon anyone without a logical reason and if he did, he would genuinely regret it. For instance, when Alexander came into contact with the sacred sanctuary of Nysa, the Indians explained it was constructed from their own interpretation of Greek religion. The sanctuary, which was the only place where ivy grew in India, was a dedication to the god Dionysus, who the Indians believed was their founder. After learning this, Alexander did not destroy the sanctuary. Instead, he garrisoned his troops in the territory, celebrated the sanctuary with festivities, and formed a close friendship with the Indians. He believes in the importance of having the gods on his side to ensure victory in his conquests. Destroying the sanctuary of Nysa would be an evil act which would undoubtedly upset the gods. In short, Alexander preferred to avoid divine punishment. Moreover, his celebration of the sanctuary of Nysa with the Indians exemplifies his respect for the representation of Greek religion in foreign cultures. The formation of friendships with the Indians demonstrates Alexanders understanding of his limits. To elaborate, since Alexander already has countless enemies, he recognized that it was unnecessary to make even more when there was no apparent reason. This indicates that Alexander clearly understood the Homeric lesson of how evil-doers are unable to escape their consequences. In Homers Iliad, Agamemnon was portrayed as the cruel and selfish king of Mycenae who kept most the riches from war to himself despite not having shed a drop of blood. Homer utilized Agamemnon to illustrate the lesson that a king who obsessed over wealth and power but has no respect for his soldiers, is incompetent for such authority. As the Indians took refuge from the Macedonians in the citadel, Alexander commanded his troops to continue their pursuit. Witnessing the sluggishness of the Macedonians bringing up the ladder, Alexander impatiently grabbed the ladder from a soldier and climbed up himself. Concerned about their kings safety, multiple foot guards tried to climb the ladder at once which caused it to break, leaving no other way to get to Alexander. Considering his unfavorable positioning which exposed him to all surrounding towers, Alexander decided to jump into the citadel and he ultimately killed them all. Eventually, as more Indians came, his chest was pierced by an arro w which led him to lose consciousness. Fortunately, his soldiers were able to support him (Arrian, Anabasis 6.9.1-6). This represents Alexanders passion to lead his soldiers into battle despite being a king. He did not hesitate to be the first person to climb up the ladder or jump into the citadel. If Alexander was consumed by greed for wealth, he would not endanger his life on the front line of battles. This also highlights the high level of respect Alexander has for his soldiers. As a king, he wants his men to be displaying their utmost endeavor. So by endangering himself, he exposed their maximum efforts to protect their king. Not only does this make his soldiers stronger, more confident, and increase their survivability, but it also points out the care Alexander has for them. Instead, his choice was a life of struggle, of wars and of unrelenting ambition (Plutarch, The Age of Alexander 284.5-6). Alexander found the idea of things being handed to him from his father, King Philip II, to be distasteful. He preferred to achieve fame through his own actions. This testifies for Alexanders proficiency to be king. Therefore, he understands that a king must not be greedy and must respect his soldiers similar to how they admire him. Conclusively, Alexander the Great deeply understood the lessons outlined by Homeric poems such as the Iliad and Odyssey. Although numerous individuals who loved Homer and his poems disliked Alexander, as they believed he misinterpreted Homer and the idea of Homeric kingship, his decisions and actions suggest otherwise. Hence, Alexander the Great was a competent king who respected his soldiers, as well as other foreign cultures, and knew he could not escape facing dire consequences if he intentionally committed an evil deed.

Euthanasia, a Sociological View - 3060 Words

The Euthanasia Debate, Related To The Thomas Theorem Topic: Euthanasia related to the Thomas Theorem Browser Used: Microsoft Explorer Search Engines Used: Google, Dogpile, MSN Search In The Unadjusted Girl W.I.Thomas wrote, Preliminary to any self-determined act of behavior there is always a stage of examination and deliberation which we may call the definition of the situation. And actually not only concrete acts are dependent on the definition of the situation, but gradually a whole life-policy and the personality of the individual himself follow from a series of such definitions. (University of Missouri St Louis web site. W. I. Thomas Ââ€" Definition of the Situation.) Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines euthanasia as†¦show more content†¦He also states that physician assisted suicide is legal only in the State of Oregon and in the Netherlands. ( Religious Tolerance.Org web site) A CNN site states that Netherlands laws still treat physician assisted suicide as a criminal act, but if certain criteria are met, the State will not prosecute. (CNN web site, Dutch euthanasia law - whats involved, November 28, 2000) The debate between the two sides of the argument is dependent on words and their definitions. If thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought. George Orwell (Quoted on International Task Force on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide web site.) Rita L. Marker and Wesley J. Smith of the International Task Force on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide address the semantics issue. The Task Force position is that familiar words and terminology are being twisted and misinterpreted by euthanasia supporters to alter perceived reality to their ends. For example, a straightforward statement like, If Im terminally ill, the only medical treatment I want is comfort care, could be seen as a request to die, even if the person has a good chance of living months if not years. Terminally ill has been used as a reason to euthanize, and comfort care has been defined as the means of inducing death. We normally would not consider administering carbon monoxide as a ‘procedure in a ‘heroic effortShow MoreRelatedEssay about Euthanasia1510 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Euthanasia continues to be a subject of ethical debate. It is defined as the administration of lethal drugs by someone other than the person concerned with the explicit intention of ending a patient’s life, at the latter’s explicit request (Quaghebeur, de Casterle, Gastmans, 2009). An unprecedented number of people in the United States today live well into their late adult years. Improved medical and public health practices, increasing life expectancies, and the â€Å"graying† of theRead MoreThe Question Of Ethics And Ethics1394 Words   |  6 Pageswhich one holds. Almost all of the controversial headlines you see in the media today involve some sort of question of ethics. Abortion. Healthcare. (â€Å"Should we take money from the rich and give to the poor to pay for medical expenses?†) Gun laws. Euthanasia, etc. The topic I want to expand upon through this essay is that of doctor-patient confidentiality and where the line is drawn with matters concerning tough decisions in whether or not a patient’s information should be kept confidential. I haveRead More Euthanasia Essay1793 Words   |  8 Pages Euthanasia - Response to Anti Euthanasia Essay Euthanasia is a topic that provokes as much controversy as capital punishment, primarily because it is irreversible. The question of euthanasia being right or wrong is one that most would prefer left alone. However, recent publicity on changes to existing laws has ignited considerable discussion and has forced open the door to a much wider audience. The issues related to direct euthanasia have raised many questions in my mind, to which I am still searchingRead MoreObjections Against Legalizing Euthanasia in Hong Kong1821 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The question of euthanasia raises serious moral issues, since it implies that active measures will be taken to terminate human life. The definition of â€Å"euthanasia† is taken from Keown (1995) with the term mainly refers to a decision that is concerned with direct interventions or withholding of life-prolonging measures and that choice agrees with a person’s own will. Euthanasia can be mainly classified into voluntary and involuntary ones. As involuntary euthanasia is conducted in the absenceRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Field Of Healthcare1419 Words   |  6 PagesEthics is relevant to the field of healthcare just as it is to other professional disciplines. Contentious issues such as euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, the body as a commodity, whether pedophiles should be punished or treated, and the brain death controversy call for high levels of soberness in professional judgement. According to Ekland-Olson, the sociological and clinical process is crucial in devising a moral ground for decision-making (111). The historical and medical perspectivesRead MoreJack Kevorkian and Euthanasia3902 Words   |  16 PagesEuthanasia The thin line between life and death has become an ethical issue many health care providers and the government have long tried to ignore. The understanding that life begins at birth, and ends when the heartbeat and breathing have ceased has long been deemed factual. Medical technologies have changed this with respirators, artificial defibrillators, and transplants (Macionis, 2009). â€Å"Thus medical and legal experts in the United States define death as an irreversible state involvingRead MoreIntroduction. Abortion Has Been Widely Controversial And1178 Words   |  5 Pagesnot conservative has also taken a pro-life stance. Abortion continues to be ethically controversial based on the question on whether life begins at conception, at a later time during development, and whether or not we can impose these opinions and views on a pregnant mother. In this paper I will give an ethical comparison of abortion through the lens of Catholicism and Buddhism. Catholicism When does human life begin according to the Catholic Church? Many answers to this question include â€Å"quickening†Read MoreThe Consequences of Adolescent Suicide1241 Words   |  5 Pagesour culture since our country’s inception. In order to conceptualize and define the problem of suicide, it is important to examine the various views of taking one’s own life. Suicide, and its tragic aftermath, has been the source of award winning movies such as Ordinary People and Leaving Las Vegas, along with the public debate, regarding assisted euthanasia, spotlighted in the case of Dr. Jack Kevorkian. Reports of skyrocketing suicide numbers amongst military personnel and veterans have permeatedRead MoreArticle Abstracts: Concept of Nazism1283 Words   |  5 Pagesattitudes, values, and beliefs of Nazism came about and were able to spread in Germany and beyond. A purely descriptive methodology is used, with reference to many other historical documents and text, with th e result of a comprehensive and multifaceted view of Nazism and the implications that this political and philosophical belief system has on humanity and on the trajectory of history during the twentieth century. No recommendations are made, however it is concluded that the Nazi party and Nazism areRead MoreThe Right to Die in Assisted Suicide2517 Words   |  11 PagesInitial Thoughts on Physician Assisted Suicide (February 28th, 2013) The promotion of physician assisted suicide has sparked a debate throughout the world. From my point of view, assisted suicide is doctors assist patients who could not endure the pain of diseases and are voluntarily given lethal amount of substances resulting in death. However, physician assisted suicide might be considered to be deviant in many countries currently due to the religions, laws and the negative image. Also

Health Care Ethics Residential Aged Care Family

Question: Discuss about theHealth Care Ethicsfor Residential Aged Care Family. Answer: Introduction In any circumstances, an ethical dilemma takes place where an option must be made between disagreeable alternatives. It can happen where one may want to give up something good and suffers from something bad no matter the route of action taken. Ethical dilemmas often oblige one to make choices that may break or contradict some moral norm and value. There is a broad range of issues of ethical and legal affecting the system of health care. In the essay, it focuses on the case study of Residential Aged Care Family (RAC) who had received an old patient Elsie Lee aged 88 years. The stake holders and the health care professionals in this study are the Nurse Manager, Registered Nurses (RN), Staff caring and the paramedics. Difference Between Legal and Ethical Conflicts In this scenario, an ethical and legal conflict arises between the wish of the patient and the ethics of registered nurses (RN) on saving the life of the patient. RN had to make a decision on taking Elsie to hospital after she had developed a severe pain and paramedics had to resuscitate her so as to improve her health condition. Although making that choice was for the best of Elsie health, it was contrary to Elsie since earlier on she had made it clear not be given any aggressive treatment and not to be resuscitated. Nurses when participating in study have to manage three value schemes; a society that values the rights of a human: nursing which is cultured grounded on the moral of helpful and the value of investigator which is about the scientific inquiry. Johnstone (2016) affirms that this value may conflict with the subject value and the entire society thus creating tensions and dilemmas in nursing. Dignity and Rights of Stakeholders The responsibility of nurses is to care for the patients, offer the best treatment to them and enhance their good being. However, this is bringing a conflict when it comes to the individual and social right or the negative and positive right. Negative rights are the individual rights that inhibit state of action and have a right to be let alone. The positive rights are the one that requires active government intervention to be accomplished. The RN nurses in the Residential Aged Care facility (RAC) made a decision to offer the best treatment by taking Elsie to the hospital, but this resulted in adverse consequences for the patient. Utilitarianism in the theory of teleological points out that the results produced depend on the rightness or wrongness of the action. According to Beauchamp and Childress, " consequences is the moral theory that actions are right or wrong according to their consequences rather than any intrinsic features they may have, such as truthfulness or fidelity" (201 5). Even with rights of patients, practitioners should weigh the consequences first when directing the appropriate course of action. Nurses have to compact with the system of hierarchical and bureaucratic of organization that demands faithfulness to assistants of the institution even if they have a task of caring and being trustworthy to the patient. In a higher status professional of a case of the incompetent researcher, nurses are obliged to show loyalty though it is conflicting with the commitment of patients (Freegarld, 2012). As a result, they may feel that their patients are vulnerable, but they cannot prevent it since they don't have the power and the voice to resist. Nurses have a right in creating an environment that can support and facilitate ethical practice and also an environment that is safe for themselves and others. They are responsible for providing services that maintain the esteem for human dignity and embrace the uniqueness nature of patient with their health problems (Marianna, 2011). However, their rights and responsibilities are threatened when the decisions of the patient contradict their role resulting in legal and ethical conflicts that are beyond their measure. They are forced to take randomized control trials where they have to make a decision even though it contradicts so as to save human life (Kerridge, Lowe Stewart, 2013). A primary role of nurses is to give information to patients. However, a conflict may also arise where they have to decide whether to give out certain information and participate in them or not do so. Principles and Virtues of Health Care Ethics Health professionals have an ethical requirement to care for their patients. Moral principles and virtues give direction to practitioners about the entailment of obligations. When approached with a moral dilemma, they should first regard as whether morals rules are appropriate and helpful and if not, they should determine the course of action so as to move to the ethical principle level for guidance. Autonomy This principle states that the liberty of option, action, and thought of an individual should not be interfered with. "Autonomy has been used to refer to a set of diverse notions including self-governance, liberty rights, privacy, personal choice, freedom to follow one's will, causing one's behavior, and one's person" (Morrison, Eileen, Furlong Elizabeth, 2014). Autonomy in health care is thought as an individual's right to make a decision about what will happen to their bodies for instance whether to carry out treatment or not. To the principle of autonomy, there are two ethically justifiable exceptions one being weak paternalism and the other being harmed principle (Fisher, 2011). Medical paternalism proposes that due to education and training of medical physicians, then they know the best for their patients. The nurses in our case know the right way to the better health of the patient, but the autonomy conflicts with the decision of the patient of not taking aggressive treatment. Informed Consent Autonomy principle is a significant constituent for informed approval. For instance, when one gives informed consent to a person concerning the participation of a trial of clinical research, one respects that right of a person to make a self-governing decision. This principle of informed approval guides the patients on a fully informed about the payback and risks of involving in a clinical trial and medication. According to Beauchamp and Childress (2015), autonomy is the capability for independence in action according to an individual plan. Informed consent incorporates the autonomous individual rights through self-rule. In my scenario, informed consent will seek in preventing assults on the truthfulness of the patient and shield personal liberty and authenticity. Beneficence The ethical principle is of benefit and cannot harm. Beauchamp and Childress propose that "the principle of beneficence includes the professional mandate to do practical and significant research so as to serve better and promote the welfare of our constituents" (2015). A conflict in health care may arise in qualitative research and thus can create immense ethical considerations, particularly for the nurses. In this case, Beneficence can be used when including deterrence of harm and elimination of harmful state in Elsie condition so as to bring the benefit of better health in the patient. A conflict may occur when the patient is not willing to be taken care of. Fidelity and Justice This principle requires professional of health act in a way to reveal fidelity to their patients. When there is a link between the medical professionals and the patient, the relation places the weight to a practitioner to act in the best awareness of the patient (Banks Gallagher, 2011). Justice principle distributes a fair share of benefits; it does what the law says, and claim claims the human rights. All these are important in the case in giving the medication to the patient in the right way. Kind, Compassion and Honest These are virtues that enable the practitioners to show love to the patients of all types no matter the age or status. When practitioners are honest, they cannot give any false information in the field regarding the patient; rather they will be open and offer respect to them. Codes of Professional Conduct Principles of ethics such as autonomy that relate to medical perform and research has long served as a ground for an ethical conduct code. Moral codes give professional of health care standards to guide their practice. However, they cannot provide them with solutions to every ethical question that may occur in the course of their training (Tonti-Filipini, 2011)). In health care, ethical issues entail making decisions that are usually in precise situations. The aim of such values and codes is to offer medical professionals a framework to use when approached with moral questions and not provide them with the right and wrong answers. "The formulation of an oath or ethical code does not remove the moral choices and the need to consider each situation carefully and the alternatives actions or decisions that can be made" (Townsend Luck, 2013), but it is to enable them to make the right choices in the situations. The code of moral sustains that one must place the truthfulness of the profession and concentration of clients above your interest. One is to preserve and develop competence in the profession so as to be able to increase their personal and professional development (Occupational Therapy, 2014). The code of ethics requires members to release their roles and responsibilities throughout in a way that professionally and ethically does not compromise any individual whom they have in contact with despite the position or condition of that person. National codes of ethics enable nurses to be insightful to the moral challenges and do their best to accomplish their ethical duties and roles. It elucidates that nurses should communicate with the ethics committee of the hospital when it comes to making of decision especially when confronted with moral cases (Berglund, 2012). Also, the conduct of ANA code claims that nurses should protect the client and the public from the unprincipled or illegal practice of any individual. This is important in offering security to the patient and other people. Resolution There is a conflict between the rights of the patients and the responsibility of the practitioners. Thus an ethical resolution must be looked so as to solve this dispute (Pozgar, 2014). The professionals of health care should presume an approach that is individualistic and takes an illegal but yet moral action for their patients regardless of the legal results asking them to idealistically sub-judge their interest to those of their patients. In a situation of ethical decision making, medical practitioners can ensure that all facets are known about the case by having the knowledge of all facts in a given circumstances. They are to know what the patient wants and how to keep some confidential information to them. The practitioners can also apply the moral rule on the confidentiality. If the dilemma still exists, they may opt to apply certain principles such as autonomy, beneficence so as to solve the issue. In a situation where there is a conflict of two or more rules or moral principles, then a moral theory should be applied. Ozolins and Grainger (2015), affirms that the ultimate arbiter of ethical dilemmas is the ethical principles. Also, managers and other directors should positively influence employees in health care to behave ethically. A manager can promote moral values and norms in the field since they act as a figurehead and personifies in the ethical position of the organization. In preventing exploitation of humans, ethics committees should be introduced. The achievement of any ethics committee will rely on the obligation and member's moral competency. The committee is not to have a personal interest and academic prestige on their own only rather they should share everything with the nurses so as they are both able to deal with dilemmas occurring in the research (Dawson, 2011). To deal with difficulty cases, nurses require a greater convenience to committees and a claim of multidisciplinary combination. Also, boards should not be harsh and strict so as not to stop the development of knowledge in nursing. Conclusion Any person can be faced with an ethical dilemma like in our case study of the nurses, but all depend on the choice made based on moral and legal grounds. Ethical principles and codes help in solving some moral dilemma that one may be faced with in any field. Ethical theories and principles, moral values may not at all time contribute to give a clear direction for professionals of health care but may assist in providing a framework within which a decision can be made. References Banks, S., Gallagher, A. (2011). Ethics in professional life: Virtues for health and social care. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2015). Principles of Biomedical Ethics (7th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press Berglund, C. (2012). Ethics for health care. (4th ed.). South Melbourne: Oxford. Dawson, A. (2011). Public health ethics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Freegard, H. (2012). Ethical practice for health professionals. (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Cengage. Fisher, A. (2011). Catholic bioethics for a new millennium. Cambridge: CUP. Johnstone, M. (2016). Bioethics: A Nursing Perspective. (6th Ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier. HLSC220 Ethics in Health Care 2016 (North Sydney ' 2016 60 Page 13 of 21 Kerridge, I., Lowe, M., Stewart, C. (2013). Ethics and Law for the Health Professions (4th ed.). Sydney: The Federation Press. Marianna, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research? Is there a conflict between the research ethics and the nature of nursing?.Health Science Journal. Morrison, Eileen E, Furlong, Elizabeth. (2014). Health Care Ethics: Critical Issues for the 21st Century. (3rd Ed.). Sudbury. MA: Jones and Bartlett Occupational Therapy Australia. (2014). Code of ethics. Retrieved from Occupational Therapy Australia: https://www.otaus.com.au/sitebuilder/about/knowledge/asset/files/76/codeofethics%282014%29.pdf Ozolins, J. T., Grainger, J. (Eds.). (2015). Foundations of healthcare ethics: theory to practice. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Pozgar, G. D. (2014). Legal and ethical issues for health professionals. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Tonti-Filipini, N. (2011). About Bioethics: Philosophical and theological approaches. Ballan: Connor Court Publishing. Townsend, R., Luck, M. (2013). Applied Paramedic Law and Ethics: Australia and New Zealand. Chatswood: Churchill Livingstone. https://www.acu.eblib.com.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1724010